什么是克罗恩病?
克罗恩病是一种引起胃肠道炎症的疾病. Your GI tract is the system of organs that help you eat and digest food. Crohn’s disease is a chronic (ongoing) type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding.
患有克罗恩病的人往往会突然发作（症状严重的时期），然后是缓解（症状很少或没有症状的时期）。. 治疗可以大发娱乐减少或消除发作的频率.
克罗恩病的类型
胃肠专家（胃肠病学家）根据克罗恩病影响消化道的部分来分类克罗恩病的类型：
- 克罗恩病结肠炎 affects only your large intestine (colon).
- Gastroduodenal Crohn’s disease affects the first part of your small intestine and your stomach.
- 回肠炎 affects the lower portion of your small intestine.
- 回肠结肠炎 affects your colon and the end of your small intestine.
- Jejunoileitis 引起小肠中下部的炎症.
这些类型的克罗恩病还基于诸如狭窄（肠狭窄）和瘘管（肠与其他器官或皮肤之间的异常连接）等并发症。.
克罗恩病症状
你所患的克罗恩病的类型会影响你的症状. 根据你的诊断，你的胃肠科医生可以大发娱乐你了解你更有可能出现的症状. In general, Crohn’s disease may cause a range of symptoms:
- 大便带血
- 腹泻
- 乏力
- 直肠出血
- 胃疼
- 减肥
克罗恩病症状 Outside the GI Tract
克罗恩病还会引起影响消化道以外身体部位的症状：
- Joint pain during flare-ups
- Ulcers (sores) inside your mouth and on your skin
- Painful skin nodules (raised bumps)
- Inflammation in the spine
- 眼睛发炎
- 肝脏炎症
- 营养不良
You may develop sores around the anus as well. These sores can be open wounds, small tears in your skin (anal fissures), or irregular connections in your intestinal walls (anal fistulas). The sores may be painful, red, or swollen.
When to See a GI Specialist
如果你有任何克罗恩病的症状或注意到排便习惯的变化，你应该去看肠胃科医生. 例如, you may suddenly notice differences in the color, 一致性, 的频率, or control over your bowel movements. 胃肠道专家可以评估你的克罗恩病，并大发娱乐提供治疗来大发娱乐你找到缓解.
Crohn’s Disease Complications
In severe cases, Crohn’s disease can lead to complications:
- Abscesses (pus-filled pockets in your GI tract)
- Bowel obstruction (blockage that stops bowel movements)
- 结肠癌
- 营养不良
克罗恩病的病因
研究ers don’t know exactly what causes Crohn’s disease. 但携带特定基因的人更有可能出现不规则的免疫反应，从而引发症状. More than 240 genes have been linked to Crohn’s disease, so there isn’t one genetic test to determine whether have the condition.
There’s no way to prevent Crohn’s disease. But learning and avoiding your triggers can help you manage flare-ups.
Crohn’s Disease Risk Factors
There are a few factors that increase your risk of Crohn’s disease:
- 年龄- - - - - -Most people with Crohn’s disease are diagnosed before age 30.
- 种族,克罗恩病在白人中最为常见，尤其是德系犹太人后裔. However, Crohn’s disease is becoming more common in other populations.
- 家族病史,如果你的父母、兄弟姐妹或孩子患有克罗恩病，你更有可能患有克罗恩病.
- 药物-长期使用非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）会增加你患克罗恩病的几率.
- 吸烟,吸烟会增加患克罗恩病的风险，使治疗变得更加困难.
How to Test for Crohn’s Disease
你的胃肠科医生使用一项或多项检查来大发娱乐诊断克罗恩病：
- 血液测试,这些检查检查贫血（红细胞计数低）、感染或炎症迹象.
- 凳子的测试,You will provide a stool sample for analysis. A stool test can help rule out other causes of digestive symptoms.
- 结肠镜检查—在这个过程中, your gastroenterologist will insert a flexible, thin tube with a light and camera (colonoscope) into your rectum. 结肠镜上的光和相机可以检查你的结肠和小肠下部是否有炎症. They may also take a small tissue sample (biopsy) for testing.
- 影像检查,你可能会有一个 CT扫描 or 核磁共振成像 to create an image of your bowel. 你的胃肠科医生可能会让你喝一种含有对比染料的液体. This dye helps your bowel show up more clearly on the imaging scan.
- 胃镜检查—你的胃肠科医生会通过你的食道（连接喉咙和胃的管子）插入一根细管（内窥镜），进入你的胃和小肠的第一部分. 内窥镜有一个照相机和灯，可以检查你的上消化道.
- 胶囊内窥镜。You will swallow a small capsule that contains a tiny camera. As the capsule moves through your digestive system, it sends pictures of your GI tract to a small, 可穿戴设备. 你的胃肠科医生将下载并检查设备上的图像. The capsule leaves your body safely during a bowel movement.
克罗恩病治疗
There’s no cure or way to prevent Crohn’s disease, but treatment can significantly reduce your flare-ups. 目标是减少炎症，这样你就能经历更长的缓解期, 更少的症状, and a reduced risk of complications. The goals of treatment are sequential:
- 减少症状.
- 减少炎症.
- 治愈肠道.
- Obtain a normal quality of life.
- 防止并发症.
Crohn’s Disease Medication
Crohn’s disease treatment will usually start with medication. Your gastroenterologist may prescribe a number of medications:
- Corticosteroids to lower inflammation
- 免疫抑制剂大发娱乐你的免疫系统停止攻击健康组织
- 针对免疫系统产生的能刺激炎症的蛋白质的生物制剂
- Antibiotics to treat abscesses (infections) or fistulas
- Antidiarrheals to help reduce diarrhea
- Pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, to relieve discomfort
肠道休息
你的胃肠科医生可能会建议你在几天内只摄入某些液体，不吃或不喝其他任何东西. This helps rest and heal your bowels.
您可以在家中完成肠道休息，也可以在治疗期间留在医院. 在某些情况下，你可能需要一个喂食管或IV（静脉注射线）来获得你需要的营养.
Surgery for Crohn’s Disease
如果克罗恩病的其他治疗方法不能控制你的症状，或者你有某些并发症, your gastroenterologist may recommend surgery. 手术不能治愈克罗恩病，但可以减轻你的症状，降低进一步并发症的风险.
Surgery for Crohn’s disease may include the following procedures:
- 〇小肠切除术Your surgeon will remove a portion of your small intestine. 你可能需要切除小肠来治疗肠道堵塞或减轻严重症状.
- 〇大肠切除术Your surgeon will remove part of your large intestine. 你可能需要这个手术来治疗瘘管、肠梗阻或严重的克罗恩病症状.
- Proctocolectomy and 回肠造口术—你的外科医生会在直结肠切除术中切除你所有的结肠和直肠. Then they will perform an 回肠造口术将小肠末端穿过腹部的一个洞. 你将在体外佩戴一个袋子来收集小肠中的粪便. 外科医生将这种治疗方法用于非常严重的病例或克罗恩病的并发症.
What Triggers Crohn’s Disease Flare-Ups?
You could have one or several triggers that cause flare-ups. But you can lessen their impact or avoid some of the most common triggers.
- 避免或限制咖啡因、酒精和碳酸饮料的摄入.
- Drink plenty of water and other hydrating liquids.
- Keep a food diary to identify specific dietary triggers.
- 吃高纤维饮食，低糖，快餐和加工食品.
- Consume red meat in moderation.
- Manage stress with healthy coping techniques.
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戒烟.
Why Choose the IBD Clinic at University of Utah Health?
Our inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) clinic in Gastroenterology 服务 包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病的地区和国家专家. 整个西部山区的医生都信任大发娱乐的专业知识，并将有复杂需求的患者转介给大发娱乐的团队. 大发娱乐大发娱乐提供最先进的诊断工具和治疗，包括临床试验.
We are a team of gastroenterologists, IBD-trained nurse practitioners and physician assistants, 结直肠外科医生, specialized IBD nurse coordinators, 营养师, 药剂师, and IBD research coordinators. There is a lot to know about Crohn’s disease, and we are here to help.