事件记录
在医学上, we 是 taught that women 是 protected against 心脏病s until they went through menopause, 然后大发娱乐的风险赶上了男性的风险. 但如果大发娱乐没有得到很好的保护呢?
男性和女性心脏病发作有何不同
For many years, our research into the 心脏病s has been focused on men. Even on TV and the movies, something awful happens, and a man clutches his chest and keels over. And we find if it's a police or a medical show, that he died of a 心脏病. Most of us could have figured that out before the forensic pathologist told us on the TV show because we know what men's 心脏病s look like.
事实上, 大发娱乐了解男性心脏病发作及其原因, 高血压, 吸烟, 吃红肉和高脂肪食物, 高胆固醇. Doctors really got on men's cases, and since 1960, men have decreased their 吸烟. 如果他们的胆固醇或者 血压高, 他们的妻子把他们拖到医生那里, the men 是 on blood pressure medications and cholesterol-lowering drugs. And meat and fatty foods, they're still Super Bowl yummies and fast food, and they're doing better.
男性的心脏病发病率显著下降. And then we noticed that postmenopausal women caught up with men in the rates of 心脏病s at about 60. So we sort of got on it and started a national campaign, 比如为了心脏健康穿的红裙子, to help women understand their risks and the signs of 心脏病s. But we 是 still thinking about women over 50, at least 妇产科医生 是. And now comes a troubling study that shows that the rate of 心脏病s in young people, people under 50 are increasing and are increasing more for women. 这是令人担忧的. And it's important to look at the communities where this work was done and see what we can learn.
年轻女性心脏病发作增加
1995年至2014年, 的ARIC, A-R-I-C, Community Surveillance Study gathered information on almost 29,000次心脏病发作. ARIC代表社区动脉粥样硬化风险. And atherosclerosis is the clogging up of the arteries in the heart that can lead to 心脏病s.
The communities that 是 involved in this study 是 in four geographic areas in the U.S. -- counties in North Carolina, Maryland, Mississippi, and suburbs of Minneapolis. Some of these counties have Americans at risk for 心脏病s based on increased rates of 糖尿病, 吸烟, 高血压, 肥胖, 以及非洲裔美国人的贫困问题. 在这29人中,000次心脏病发作, 20年来, 三分之一是他们所谓的年轻人, 35 - 54岁. Over those 20 years, the annual rate of young men's 心脏病s went down some. But women's rates went up to the point that young women, pre-menopausal women had the same rate of 心脏病s as young men. 这些数据令人担忧, 它们反映了加拿大的类似数据, suggesting that the incidence of 心脏病s in young women is rising.
与心脏病发作相关的危险因素
Well, what are some of the risk factors for these young women? 吸烟高血压，还有 糖尿病 大大增加了女性的患病风险. And black women had very significantly more 心脏病s than white women. Seventy-five percent of the young women with 心脏病s had 高血压, 36%患有糖尿病. And women who had 心脏病s 是 more likely to have multiple risk factors than men.
Young women who had 心脏病s 是 less likely than young men who had 心脏病s to have their cholesterol treated or their blood pressure treated. Young men and young women who had 心脏病s had a 10% chance of dying the following year. Young women have some extra risk factors for 心脏病s compared to men. They're more likely to have demonstrated risk for 糖尿病 by being diabetic in pregnancy. They're more likely to demonstrate risk of 高血压 and vascular disease by having preeclampsia when they 是 pregnant. And they are more likely to suffer the psychosocial stressors of poverty than men.
这个消息伤了我的心. These young women 是 mothers of young children and teens. 他们正处于一生中最富有成效的时期, and they 是 also at the most stressful times of their lives. So what do we do with this information as women and as physicians? The risk factors in this study are ones that we all know about, 心脏健康风险, 比如吸烟, 糖尿病, 和高血压. But 糖尿病 和高血压 often don't have physical symptoms.
为年轻妇女大发娱乐提供预防性检查
除非女性 定期检查, 测量他们的血压, 他们的胆固醇测量, 并检查了他们的血糖, 他们可能不知道. Women used to go to their OB/GYN or their family doctor, 每年做一次子宫颈抹片检查, 但现在他们没有了. Many women who used to go regularly for their checkups when they 是 having babies, 别再走了. 所有诊所访问, 因为这样或那样的原因, 要检查血压吗, but cholesterol or 糖尿病 checks aren't done so often in young women.
当然, the big risk of 吸烟 cigarettes in an unbelievable 48 percent of the young women who had 心脏病s 是 cigarette smokers, 是由临床医生处理的吗, 如果女人承认的话. 请看大发娱乐的播客 对医生撒谎.
因此，所有女性和男性都需要获得医疗保健. 所有 the women and men need regular checkups at this very busy time of their lives, 35 to 54. 所有女性和男性都需要测量血压, 高糖, 高胆固醇 managed according to national guidelines. 女性需要吃药.
大发娱乐如何应对贫困带来的压力, the stresses of being a minority are issues that we all need to address as a community and as a state and as a national level. 所以，女士们，请照顾好你的心脏. And thanks for joining us on "The Seven Domains of Women's Health" on 范围.
更新日期：2019年9月5日
最初发布日期：2014年2月7日